计算机基础教育 > 公共基础类
大学计算机基础与计算思维
书号：9787113260699 套系名称：高等学校计算机公共课程“十三五”规划教材
作者：陆军 出版日期：2019-08-01
定价：58.00 页码 / 开本：360 /16
策划编辑：汪敏 责任编辑：汪敏 冯彩茹
适用专业：无 适用层次：本科
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图书特色
计算机基础教育在大学教学内容和教学目标上已发生重大变革，特别是针对文、理科的学生，
缺乏工科学生的思维训练，该课程不仅让学生全面了解计算机和计算机应用技能，还要培养学生
的计算思维能力，即培养学生用计算机解决问题的方法解决其他专业领域中的问题的能力和将计
算机应用拓展到其他专业领域，并因此产生用计算机的新技术解决现实生活中尚未解决的问题的
能力。本书主要内容包括计算机基础与计算思维、Windows 7 操作系统、程序设计与软件开发基
础、Office 2013 办公软件的使用、计算机网络与信息安全、多媒体技术和数据库技术基础等内容。
本书适合作为各类高等院校非计算机专业计算机基础课程的教材。第1 章 计算机基础与计算思维················· 1
1.1 计算机的发展史································· 1
1.1.1 计算工具的发展·························· 1
1.1.2 早期计算机器的发展·················· 3
1.1.3 电子计算机的发展······················ 5
1.1.4 微型计算机的发展······················ 8
1.2 计算机的分类·································· 10
1.2.1 特点与类型······························· 10
1.2.2 大型计算机······························· 11
1.2.3 微型计算机······························· 13
1.2.4 嵌入式系统······························· 15
1.3 计算机的工作原理··························· 19
1.3.1 信息编码··································· 19
1.3.2 数据存储··································· 21
1.3.3 数据传输··································· 23
1.3.4 数据计算··································· 26
1.3.5 指令系统··································· 28
1.4 计算思维的基本方法······················· 29
1.4.1 计算思维的基本特征················ 29
1.4.2 计算机如何解决问题················ 31
1.4.3 计算机不能解决的问题············ 32
第2 章 中文Windows 7 操作系统·········· 34
2.1 Windows 7 概述······························· 34
2.1.1 Windows 7 的版本介绍············· 34
2.1.2 Windows 7 系统的安装············· 35
2.2 Windows 7 桌面系统························ 39
2.2.1 鼠标、键盘及指法练习············ 39
2.2.2 桌面上的图标···························· 42
2.2.3 桌面小工具······························· 45
2.2.4 任务栏和“开始”菜单············ 46
2.2.5 个性化设置······························· 49
2.3 窗口、菜单与对话框的操作············ 53
2.3.1 认识Windows 窗口··················· 53
2.3.2 Windows 窗口的基本操作········· 55
2.3.3 窗口的排列······························· 57
2.3.4 菜单操作··································· 59
2.3.5 对话框······································· 59
2.4 文件与文件夹··································· 61
2.4.1 认识文件与文件夹···················· 61
2.4.2 文件与文件夹的基本操作········· 62
2.4.3 管理文件与文件夹···················· 66
2.5 Windows 7 用户账户管理················ 72
2.5.1 创建用户账户···························· 72
2.5.2 删除用户账户···························· 73
2.5.3 管理用户账户···························· 74
2.6 中文输入法······································ 75
2.7 附件的应用······································ 77
2.7.1 计算器的应用···························· 77
2.7.2 画图的应用······························· 78
2.7.3 记事本的基本操作···················· 80
第3 章 程序设计与软件开发基础··········· 83
3.1 程序设计概述··································· 83
3.1.1 程序设计的风格························ 83
3.1.2 结构化程序设计························ 85
3.1.3 面向对象程序设计···················· 86
3.2 算法概述·········································· 89
3.2.1 算法的基本概念························ 89
3.2.2 算法的复杂度···························· 90
3.3 数据结构基础··································· 91
3.3.1 数据结构的基本概念················ 91
3.3.2 线性表······································· 93
3.3.3 栈··············································· 95
3.3.4 队列··········································· 96
II 大学计算机基础与计算思维
3.3.5 树与二叉树······························· 97
3.3.6 查找··········································· 99
3.3.7 排序··········································· 99
3.4 软件工程基础································ 101
3.4.1 软件工程的基本概念·············· 101
3.4.2 结构化分析方法······················ 103
3.4.3 结构化设计方法······················ 105
3.4.4 软件测试及调试······················ 107
3.5 C 语言设计基础····························· 110
3.5.1 C 语言简介······························ 110
3.5.2 变量与数据类型······················ 111
3.5.3 运算符和表达式······················ 115
3.5.4 顺序结构································· 119
3.5.5 选择结构································· 122
3.5.6 循环结构································· 125
第4 章 Office 2013 ····························· 128
4.1 Word 2013 文档与窗口操作··········· 128
4.1.1 Word 2013 的窗口介绍············ 128
4.1.2 Word 2013 的视图模式介绍···· 132
4.2 文档的基本操作····························· 133
4.2.1 Word 2013 文档的创建············ 133
4.2.2 Word 2013 文档编辑··············· 133
4.2.3 查找与替换····························· 136
4.2.4 显示和隐藏格式标记·············· 136
4.3 文档排版········································ 136
4.3.1 字体格式化····························· 137
4.3.2 段落格式化····························· 138
4.3.3 创建目录································· 140
4.3.4 边框和底纹····························· 141
4.3.5 分栏设置································· 142
4.3.6 格式刷的使用·························· 142
4.4 表格················································ 143
4.4.1 插入表格································· 143
4.4.2 表格编辑································· 144
4.5 图形图片的编辑与处理················· 149
4.5.1 插入图片································· 149
4.5.2 图片处理································· 150
4.5.3 设置图片文字的环绕方式······· 151
4.5.4 插入文本框····························· 152
4.5.5 插入艺术字····························· 153
4.5.6 插入自选图形·························· 153
4.5.7 SmartArt 图形功能·················· 154
4.5.8 图表········································· 155
4.5.9 插入公式与符号······················ 156
4.6 页面设置与文档打印····················· 157
4.6.1 页面设置································· 157
4.6.2 页眉页脚································· 159
4.6.3 分节符和分页符······················ 160
4.6.4 打印文档································· 161
4.6.5 邮件合并································· 162
4.7 Excel 2013 的基本知识·················· 162
4.7.1 Excel 2013 窗口的组成··········· 162
4.7.2 Excel 2013 的基本概念
及术语····································· 163
4.8 Excel 2013 的基本操作·················· 164
4.8.1 工作簿的操作·························· 164
4.8.2 工作表的操作·························· 166
4.8.3 单元格的操作·························· 167
4.9 数据的输入···································· 170
4.9.1 输入方法································· 170
4.9.2 各种类型数据的输入技巧
及其格式设置························· 170
4.9.3 自动填充································· 172
4.9.4 快速填充（智能填充）··········· 176
4.10 美化制作的表格··························· 178
4.10.1 设置单元格格式···················· 178
4.10.2 应用单元格样式···················· 183
4.10.3 表格样式······························· 184
4.10.4 条件格式······························· 185
4.10.5 设置工作表标签颜色············ 187
4.10.6 应用格式刷···························· 188
4.11 公式与函数··································· 188
4.11.1 公式······································· 188
4.11.2 函数······································· 194
4.12 数据的管理·································· 200
4.12.1 数据的排序···························· 200
目 录III
4.12.2 数据的筛选··························· 202
4.12.3 数据的分类汇总···················· 205
4.12.4 数据透视表和数据透视
视图······································ 206
4.13 图表的制作·································· 209
4.13.1 图表结构与类型···················· 209
4.13.2 创建图表······························· 210
4.13.3 编辑图表······························· 211
4.14 打印设置······································ 214
4.14.1 设置打印区域························ 214
4.14.2 设置打印标题行···················· 216
4.15 PowerPoint 2013 概述·················· 217
4.15.1 PowerPoint 2013 的启动
与退出··································· 217
4.15.2 PowerPoint 2013 界面组成···· 217
4.15.3 PowerPoint 2013 的主要
视图方式······························· 219
4.15.4 新建演示文稿························ 221
4.15.5 保存演示文稿························ 222
4.16 PowerPoint 2013 演示文稿的
设置·············································· 222
4.16.1 幻灯片编辑··························· 222
4.16.2 文本编辑······························· 223
4.16.3 应用版式······························· 225
4.16.4 应用母版······························· 226
4.16.5 插入对象······························· 227
4.16.6 编辑图形······························· 235
4.16.7 编辑图片······························· 238
4.17 演示文稿的美化··························· 240
4.17.1 设置幻灯片背景···················· 240
4.17.2 设置主题······························· 241
4.18 演示文稿的动画功能··················· 243
4.18.1 幻灯片切换··························· 243
4.18.2 幻灯片动画效果···················· 244
4.19 演示文稿的放映··························· 246
4.19.1 放映方式······························· 247
4.19.2 放映设置······························· 247
4.19.3 交互式放映··························· 249
4.20 演示文稿的打印和输出················ 250
4.20.1 设置页面······························· 250
4.20.2 打印演示文稿························ 250
4.20.3 输出演示文稿························ 251
第5 章 计算机网络与信息安全·············253
5.1 计算机网络的发展························· 253
5.1.1 网络的基本功能······················ 253
5.1.2 网络的主要类型······················ 255
5.1.3 因特网发展概况······················ 256
5.2 计算机网络结构····························· 258
5.2.1 网络通信协议·························· 258
5.2.2 网络层次结构·························· 260
5.2.3 网络互连模型·························· 261
5.2.4 网络服务模型·························· 262
5.3 计算机网络的组成························· 264
5.3.1 拓扑结构································· 264
5.3.2 传输介质································· 265
5.3.3 网络设备································· 267
5.3.4 网络构建································· 268
5.4 网络地址及其应用························· 270
5.4.1 网络地址································· 270
5.4.2 域名系统································· 272
5.4.3 因特网服务····························· 273
5.4.4 HTML······································ 276
5.5 信息时代的安全隐患····················· 277
5.5.1 信息安全的主要威胁·············· 277
5.5.2 信息系统不完善因素·············· 280
5.6 信息系统的安全体系结构·············· 282
5.6.1 信息安全的主要特征·············· 282
5.6.2 信息安全的一般原则·············· 283
5.7 计算机病毒及防护························· 283
5.7.1 计算机病毒的定义·················· 283
5.7.2 计算机病毒的表现·················· 284
5.7.3 计算机病毒的防护·················· 287
5.7.4 恶意软件的防治······················ 290
第6 章 多媒体技术······························292
6.1 多媒体技术概述····························· 292
IV 大学计算机基础与计算思维
6.1.1 多媒体的基本概念·················· 292
6.1.2 多媒体技术的特点·················· 293
6.1.3 多媒体信息的类型·················· 294
6.2 数字声音········································ 294
6.2.1 声音的特性····························· 294
6.2.2 声音的数字化·························· 295
6.2.3 常见的声音文件格式·············· 297
6.3 数字图形图像································ 298
6.3.1 获取图像································· 298
6.3.2 位图与矢量图·························· 298
6.3.3 图像的颜色模型······················ 299
6.3.4 图像的数字化·························· 300
6.3.5 图像文件格式·························· 301
6.4 数据压缩技术································ 301
6.4.1 无损压缩································· 302
6.4.2 有损压缩································· 303
6.5 Photoshop 图像处理······················· 304
6.5.1 Photoshop 中的基本概念········· 305
6.5.2 新建、打开及保存图像·········· 306
6.5.3 图像属性的设置与修改·········· 307
6.5.4 图像的变换与变形·················· 308
6.5.5 选区的创建与操作·················· 310
6.5.6 修饰图片································· 313
6.5.7 调整图像色彩·························· 316
6.5.8 文字处理································· 320
第7 章 数据库技术基础······················· 323
7.1 数据库基础知识····························· 323
7.1.1 计算机数据管理的发展·········· 323
7.1.2 数据库系统基本概念·············· 325
7.1.3 数据库系统的特点·················· 326
7.1.4 数据库系统的内部体系结构··· 327
7.1.5 数据库管理系统······················ 328
7.2 数据模型········································ 330
7.2.1 数据模型基本类型·················· 330
7.2.2 数据模型组成要素·················· 330
7.3 E-R 模型········································· 331
7.3.1 E-R 模型的基本概念··············· 331
7.3.2 E-R 模型的图示法··················· 332
7.4 逻辑数据模型基本类型················· 333
7.7.1 层次数据模型·························· 334
7.7.2 网状数据模型·························· 334
7.7.3 关系数据模型·························· 334
7.5 关系数据库···································· 335
7.5.1 关系术语································· 335
7.5.2 关系的完整性·························· 336
7.5.3 关系运算································· 337
7.5.4 关系规范化····························· 339
7.6 数据库设计与管理························· 344
7.6.1 数据库设计概述······················ 344
7.6.2 数据库设计的需求分析··········· 344
7.6.3 数据库概念设计······················ 345
7.6.4 数据库的逻辑设计·················· 345
7.6.5 数据库的物理设计·················· 346
7.6.6 数据库管理····························· 346
7.7 Access 2013 概述··························· 346
7.7.1 Access 2013 的功能及特性····· 346
7.7.2 Access 2013 数据库对象········· 347
7.7.3 表的设计································· 348陆军，甘肃政法学院
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